Steep slopes and rough surfaces can increase the amount of force required to push/pull a load.Wheeled equipment needs suitable and well-maintained wheels or castors.Check if the route is wide enough for the load and wheeled equipment.Plan the route and ensure the worker can safely see over the load.Ensure the load is sufficiently stable for negotiating any slopes, corners or rough surfaces.Good handholds will help apply force and control the load.Consider the weight of the load and the weight of the equipment being used by the worker.The task may pose a risk to those with a physical or learning difficulty, or to new and young workers.Specialised training or instruction may be needed.If this is the case, think about who should carry out the task and how. The task may require unusual capability.Individual factors such as pregnancy may temporarily reduce the amount of force a worker can safely handle.For example, a tall worker may have to adopt an awkward posture to push a trolley with low handles, while a shorter worker may have difficulty seeing over the load. Workers have different characteristics and capabilities.The worker has to push or pull the load with only one hand.They are best positioned between hip and shoulder height. The position of the hands should be comfortable for the worker.Repetitive pushing and pulling without sufficient recovery time.

The worker needs to move suddenly or twist to manoeuvre the load.Obstacles can create risks as workers try to avoid colliding with them.The risk increases over longer distances or at high speed.Large amounts of effort are required to start or stop the load moving or to keep it moving.You should consider these risk factors when carrying out your risk assessments. The following are some risk factors within these categories that could contribute to a pushing and pulling related injury. There are a number of risk factors associated with pushing and pulling of loads, which can be categorised into Task, Individual, Load and Environment (TILE). Risk factors associated with pushing and pulling loads Overview - Learning to use the ART tool.

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